![]() ![]() Within the German Wadden Sea National Parks, commercial sediment extraction is not allowed. Since 2010 the extracted quantities declined again to a stable level of about 1 million m³ per year (Figures 2 and 3). In recent years, the most significant project has been the JadeWeserPort project, for which in 2009, a total of 19.05 million m 3 of sand was extracted. In case of commercial extraction, authorization by the State Authority for Mining, Energy and Geology (LBEG) (§ 3 BBergG) is needed. They are used for beach nourishment, construction and coastal protection. In Germany marine sediments are mainly extracted outside the Wadden Sea. In recent years, shell extraction activities dropped to levels below 0.15 million m 3. Shell extraction takes place beyond the 5 m depth contour, with an annual removal of up to 0.25 million m 3 (ICES-Report). Amount of extracted sediments within the Dutch Wadden Sea area since 2000 (Sources: ICES, 2016, and Rijkswaterstaat, personal communication).īeside sand extraction also extraction of shells is still conducted in the Dutch Wadden Sea area. With regard to climate change the aim is to preserve existing sediments in the coastal zone for being able to cope with the sea level rise (Rijkswaterstatt, personal communication).įigure 1. Moreover, it is decided to reduce sand extraction activities in the Dutch Wadden Sea gradually to zero over the coming years as near coast extraction of sand contradicts the current coastal defense policy. The commercial sand extraction has been totally transferred to the North Sea beyond the 20 m depth contour (Policy Document on the North Sea 2016-2021). However, at present sand extraction is only allowed in the Dutch Wadden Sea as a side product of regular maintenance activities with regard to shipping lanes. The greatest amount of sand (290.000 m³ a -1) was regularly extracted in the area between Vlieland and Ameland (Vlie). Since 2009 every year about 354.000 m³ sand have been extracted from the Dutch Wadden Sea (Figure 1). To a limited extent sediment extraction also takes place inside the Dutch Wadden Sea Area. It is mainly used for coast replenishment or as fill sand on land. More than 25 million m 3 of sand are extracted within Dutch waters every year (ICES, 2013, 2014 & 2016). Status and trends Extraction of sand and shells The NetherlandsĪmong all countries around the North Sea, the Netherlands extract the greatest amount of sand from marine sediments. Furthermore some critical aspects of these measures concerning the environmental integrity of the Wadden Sea ecosystem and its compartments are described. This report provides a brief overview about the extent and origin of artificial sediment transport within the Wadden Sea area. However, still today a certain amount of marine sediment and is used for several purposes in context of coastal protection, such as beach nourishment or dike and dwelling mound reinforcement (on the Halligen). Over the past decades the effort for sediment extracting steadily decreased within the Wadden Sea. Whereas in former times the material was mainly used for construction of dikes, dwelling mounds and roads, today the main purpose of these activities is the maintenance and deepening of shipping lanes. Dredging and sediment extraction have for long been practiced in the Wadden Sea area. ![]()
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